中文摘要：

综述了世界水资源形势以及海水淡化技术的发展现状，概括了海水淡化技术的主要方法，着重介绍了多级闪蒸海水淡化法（MsF）、反渗透法（RO）和电渗析法（ED），从各种装置的组件、能耗以及淡化过程等入手，总结3种方法的优势与不足，针对性提出了解决问题的方法以及发展方向，以降低使用成本，并探讨和展望了今后的海水淡化技术。

英文摘要：

The situation of water resources in the whole world and the development of seawater desalination technology are summarized, various methods of water desalination technology are generalized. It emphasizes the method of multkstage flash （MSF） distillation, the method of reverse osmosis （RO）, and electrodialysis method（ED）, through the components and energy consumption of all equipments and the process of seawater desalination to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. And the solutions of these disadvantages and its development direction to reduce the cost are proposed. Seawater desalination technology for the future are also discussed and prospected.