中文摘要：

在“组学”与系统生物学的基础上，引入工程学概念，诞生了高度学科交叉的合成生物学。合成生物学以其工程化思维及由此衍生的崭新的科研文化，唤醒了生物学及相关传统学科从“发现”走向“创造”的强大生命力，正在带来生物学向工程技术科学转化的重大变革。本文在综述国际发展态势的基础上，从针对前沿交叉学科的前瞻性规划，战略性引导，早期布局，机制配套，创新人才培养，工程技术人才队伍集聚以及产学研创新价值链建设等角度入手，分析了我国合成生物学发展面临的挑战与机遇。

英文摘要：

Based on ＂omics＂ and systems biology, Synthetic Biology was established as a new academic discipline highly interactive with other research fields, particularly, the concept of engineering science. Through the continuous innovation in its enabling technology along with the establishment of engineering platforms, Synthetic Biology is revolutionizing biotechnology, and maybring epochmaking changes in agriculture, chemical/biochemical industry, medicine and pharmacies. Moreover, the philosophy of Synthetic Biology is transforming the ＂discovery＂ oriented traditional biology into the ＂innovation＂ focused engineering technology science. In this essay, we will briefly review the trend of the development of Synthetic Biology followed by analyzing the challenge an opportunity it has brought to the society. The status of this newly developed discipline in China will be studied with respect to strategic planning, early layout, resource distribution, policy governance, education and training, team building for science and engineering/technology, and nurturing the innovation chain of value from science to application.