中文摘要：

电场分布不均匀现象是高压电力绝缘设备及部件广泛存在的难题，给高压设备的设计、制造带来很大的技术难度和成本，并且危及设备长期运行的安全可靠性。采用具有与外加电场相关的非线性压敏电导或介电特性的复合材料，可以实现材料性能参数与空间电场大小的自适应匹配，达到智能地改善绝缘介质空间电场分布均匀性的效果。为此，详细综述了用于改善电力绝缘不均匀电场分布的非线性电导复合材料在国际上的基础和应用研究成果，并指出了该领域预期的发展方向是研究兼具非线性电导和介电特性的“smart”复合材料，实现自适应调控电力设备内部的电场分布。另外迫切需要揭示纳米颗粒与绝缘材料的界面特性及界面模型，为进一步调控绝缘材料的电场特性等提供理论支撑。

英文摘要：

Non-uniform electrical field widely existing in insulation components of power systems brings about great technical difficulty and additional cost, as well as potential harm to reliability of power equipment. The polymer compo- sites with nonlinear conductivity or permittivity that depends on applied electrical fields can smartly smooth the non-uniform electrical fields in insulation components of power systems through fitting material parameters with the electrical fields. We have summarized the worldwide progress and achievements in researching nonlinear polymer com- posites for improving non-uniform electrical fields in detail. Furthermore, we think that the ＂smart＂ polymer composites, which have both nonlinear conductivity and nonlinear permittivity, should take the lead so as to adaptively adjust and control the inner electric field distribution of power equipment. On the other hand, the characteristics and models of the interface between nanoparticle and polymer should be revealed, to provide fundamental theory support for further tailor- ing the electrical field property of composite polymers.