中文摘要：

目的通过扩散张量技术观察学龄期高功能孤独症儿童脑白质微结构的异常,探讨其可能的神经发育异常证据。方法对14例学龄期高功能孤独症男童（孤独症组：acdism spectrum disorders,ASDs组）及7名年龄、智力水平及利手均匹配的正常发育男童（正常对照组：TD组）行扩散张量成像观察,运用体素水平分析方法将两组的各向异性分数（fractional anisotropy,FA）及平均扩散水平（mean diffusivity,MD）进行对比分析。结果相对于TD组,ASDs组在左侧颞叶、左侧额叶、左侧枕叶以及海马、丘脑等皮质下核团的FA值升高,在左侧距状裂、双侧梭状回、右侧颞叶、右侧额叶、右侧枕叶以及左侧海马旁回、后扣带回、左侧舌回的MD值均降低。结论学龄期高功能孤独症儿童脑白质多个区域存在微结构的异常。

英文摘要：

Objective To examine the abnormal white matter microstructure of acdism spectrum disorders （ASDs）children of school age via Diffusion Tensor Imaging,so as to investigate the possible evidence of dysplasia of neurodevelop-ment. Methods 14 ASDs boys of school age and 7 age,IQ and handedness matched typically developing controls were ex-amined by diffusion tensor imaging （DTI）,the fractional anisotropy （FA） and mean diffusivity （MD） values were comparedbetween two groups through voxel-based analysis. Results Compare to TD group,the FA value was increased in the lefttemporal gyrus, left frontal gyrus, left occipital gyrus, hippocampus and thalamus, and the MD value was decreased in the leftcalcarine fissure, bilateral fusiform gyrus, right temporal gyrus, right frontal gyrus, right occipital gyrus, left parahippocam-pus gyrus,posterior cingulate cortex and left lingual gyrus in ASDs group. Conclusion Abnormal white matter microstructure widely spread over the brain of high-functional autism of school age.