中文摘要：

黄瓜的遗传背景狭窄而性型丰富,是研究植物性别分化的模式植物。一直以来,从形态学到细胞学,从经典遗传学到分子生物学,研究者们对黄瓜的性别分化及其调控机理做了大量研究,揭示了其遗传基础以及以乙烯代谢途径为主线的分子调控机制,但尚不能完全诠释黄瓜性别分化以及性型多样性和多变性的成因。近年来,基因组学、表观遗传学、miRNA等方面研究不断发展和深入,为黄瓜性型分化研究提供了新的方向和技术,有望通过多个层面和角度的综合研究进一步解释黄瓜性别分化与多样性形成的机制,为调控黄瓜性别分化,实现高产稳产栽培和瓜类作物性型分子育种提供理论依据和技术支持。

英文摘要：

Although the genetic background of cucumber is narrow,its sex types are diverse and abundant. Therefore,cucumber is the model plant for sex differentiation study.From morphology to cytology and from classical genetics to molecular biology,researchers have done a lot of important researches on cucumber sex differentiation.It was revealed that the genetic basis of major sex types and the molecular regulation mechanism of ethylene metabolic pathway as main line.But the mechanism of sex differentiation of cucumber flowers and diversification of the sex types still couldn′t be completely elucidated.In recent years,the rapid development of genomics,epigenetics and miRNA provided new perspectives and technologies for deeply clarifying the mechanisms of sex differentiation.The further comprehensive analyses would provide theoretic and technical support for regulating sex differentiation in cucumber cultivation of high and stable yield and the molecular breeding for sex type improvement of cucurbitaceae crops.