中文摘要：

聚丙烯腈是用途最广泛的聚合物之一，其溶于适当溶剂中形成的聚丙烯腈溶液是制备聚丙烯腈纤维、渗透膜等高分子材料的原料。聚丙烯腈溶液的物理化学性质对所制备材料的性能有很大的影响。本文对高分子溶液的凝胶化和高分子凝胶的特点做了简要介绍，并介绍了聚丙烯腈及其凝胶的特点。根据高分子浓溶液体系的特点提出用于表征聚丙烯腈溶液凝胶化的主要方法。从浓度和温度对聚丙烯腈溶液凝胶化行为的影响、熟化和非溶剂对聚丙烯腈溶液凝胶化行为的影响、聚丙烯腈溶液凝胶化的热可逆性、聚丙烯腈溶液凝胶化的分形特征以及聚丙烯腈凝胶的交联机理这几个方面对已有聚丙烯腈溶液的凝胶化研究成果和最新进展进行了综述。最后对聚丙烯腈溶液凝胶化和聚丙烯腈凝胶的研究前景做了展望。

英文摘要：

Polyacrylonitrile （PAN） is one of the most widely used polymers. PAN solutions using suitable solvents are the precursors for fabrication of PAN fibers, osmotic membranes and other PAN-related materials. The physical and chemical properties of PAN solutions have great effect on the performance of the resultant materials. In this article, the gelation characteristics of polymer solution and the characteristics of polymer gels as well as the characteristics of PAN and PAN gels are introduced. Suitable characterization methods for the gelation of PAN solutions are proposed according to the properties of concentrated polymer solution systems. The recent research findings and latest progress of gelation of PAN solutions are summarized in the following respects： influences of concentration and temperature on gelation behavior of PAN solutions, influences of aging and non-solvent on gelation behavior of PAN solutions, thermoreversibility of gelation of PAN solutions, fractal characteristics of gelation of PAN solutions, and crosslinking mechanism of polyacrylonitrile gels. The gelation behavior of PAN solutions and the state of PAN gels have been found to be greatly affected by external environment and the composition of the gels. Finally the research prospect of the gelation of PAN solutions and PAN gels is expected.