中文摘要：

冲击特性是泥石流减灾及沟谷地貌演化的重要基础理论问题。建立泥石流冲击试验模型并进行了5组液相浆体黏度(0,0.13,0.37,0.72,0.93 Pa·s)、5组固相比(0,0.02,0.04,0.08,0.16),5组固相颗粒粒径(0,0.075~0.2,0.3~0.5,0.8~1.0,1.3~1.5 cm)组合下的泥石流冲击特性模型试验,将试验工况分为清水流、水石流与泥石流,采用小波理论对冲击荷载进行消噪并进行冲击荷载时程曲线及冲击荷载均值分析。分析结果表明:清水流冲击荷载均值为2.84 kPa;水石流冲击荷载均值与固相比及颗粒粒径大小呈正比,且固相比越大,水石流龙头冲击作用越小,颗粒粒径越大,冲击荷载变化幅度越大;泥石流时,随着浆体黏度、固相比及颗粒粒径增大,泥石流冲击力呈非线性增大,浆体黏度对泥石流冲击力影响明显,随着黏度的增大,不同颗粒粒径组合下泥石流冲击力均值分别为4.41,5.09,5.89,6.46,6.70 kPa。

英文摘要：

The impacting characteristics of debris flow are an important basic question to study the alleviation of debris flow and topographical evolution of valley. A laboratory physical model for debris flow with 5 slurry viscosities of 0, 0.13, 0.37, 0.72 and 0.93 Pa·s, 5 solid phase ratios of 0,0.02,0.04,0.08, and 0.16, 5 grain diameters of 0, 0.075~0.2, 0.3~0.5, 0.8~1.0 cm and 1.3~1.5 cm is established. The test conditions include rinsing flow, non-viscous debris flow and viscous debris flow. The impacting loads of debris flow are denoised by means of the wavelet method. The time-history curves and characteristics of the impacting load are revealed. The results show that the mean impacting load of the rinsing flow is 2.84 kPa;the mean impacting load of the non-viscous debris flow has a direct proportion to the solid phase ratio and grain diameter, and the larger the solid phase ratio, the smaller the debris flow head, and the bigger the grain diameter, the lager the changing range of impacting load;with the increase of slurry viscosity, solid phase ratio and grain diameter of debris flow, the impacting load exhibits a nonlinear increase, and slurry viscosity has marked effects on the impacting load, and with the increase of the slurry viscosity, the mean impacting loads under the same slurry viscosity, different solid phases and grain diameters are 4.41, 5.09, 5.89, 6.46, 6.70 kPa. The results are meaningful to the study on the dynamic features of debris flow.