中文摘要：

以肥熟土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤,用分层土柱试验法研究了不同土层水分、氮、磷空间组合对冬小麦不同生育时期光合特性及籽粒产量的影响.结果表明：与0～90cm土层整体湿润相比,上干下湿（0～30cm土层干旱胁迫,30～90cm土层湿润）水分处理显著降低了小麦叶片叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）、净光合速率（Pn）和籽粒产量.2种水分条件下,氮磷配施处理对叶片SPAD、Pn和小麦籽粒产量的影响最为显著,其次是施磷处理,而施氮处理影响不显著.不同土层施氮在2种水分条件下各指标的变化趋势相同,均表现为0～90cm土层施氮小麦叶片SPAD、Pn及籽粒产量显著高于0～30、30～60和60～90cm土层施氮.不同土层施磷在2种水分条件下各指标的变化趋势也相同,表现为0～90cm土层施磷小麦叶片SPAD、Pn和籽粒产量与0～30cm土层施磷间差异不显著.不同土层氮磷配施在2种水分处理下表现不同：整体湿润条件下0～90cm土层施肥处理的小麦叶片SPAD、Pn及籽粒产量最高,与0～30cm土层差异不显著,但二者均显著高于30～60和60～90cm土层处理;上干下湿条件下各土层施肥处理间小麦叶片SPAD差异不显著,0～90cm土层施肥处理小麦叶片Pn和籽粒产量显著高于30～60cm土层施肥处理,30～60cm土层施肥处理显著高于60～90cm土层施肥处理和不施肥处理.表明在2种土壤水分条件下,氮磷配施时仍应施入0～30cm土层.

英文摘要：

A soil column experiment was conducted with a fertile Eum-Orthie Anthrosols to study the effects of spatial coupling of watering and nitrogen （N）- and phosphorus （P） fertilization on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat. The column consisted of three layers, each layer being 30 em in thickness and with an underlying 2 em layer of coarse sand to obstruct water- and nutrient exchange. The results showed that relative content of chlorophyll （ SPAD）, net photosynthetic rate （P） , and grain yield were significantly lower in the treatment of 0-30 em soil drought and 30-90 em soil wetness （D） than in that of 0-90 em soil wetness （W）. In these two watering treatments, a combined application of N and P got the highest SPAD, P. and grain yield, followed by applying P, and N. The SPAD, Pn and grain yield were significantly higher when the fertilizer N was applied in 0-90 cm layer than in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm layers, respectively. No significant differences in SPAD, P. and grain yield were observed when fertilizer P was applied in 0-90 cm layer and in 0-30 cm layer. In treatment W, the SPAD, P. and grain yield were the highest when N and P were applied in 0-90 cm layer, had no significant differences with those when the N and P were applied in 0-30 cm layer, but were significantly higher than those when the fertilization was carried out in 30-60 and 60-90 cm layers. In treatment D, no significant difference in SPAD was observed when the N and P were applied in different layers, but Pn and grain yield were significant higher when the N and P were applied in 0-90 cm than in 30-60 cm layer, and in 30-60 cm than in 60-90 cm layer. It was concluded that whether in treatment W or in treat- ment D, a combined application of N and P should be carried out in 0-30 cm soil layer.