中文摘要：

由于生物质能源具有储量大、分布广、可再生等特点而被人们开发为煤、石油、天然气等化石燃料的替代能源，将木质纤维素转化为燃料乙醇是生物质能源开发利用的一个重要方向。纤维素、半纤维素和木质素是组成木质纤维素的主要成分，它们之间通过共价和非共价键结合形成致密的结构，阻碍了酶对木质纤维素的降解，因此在将木质纤维素酶解发酵之前必须进行预处理。本文综述了生物法、物理法、化学法和物理化学法四大类预处理技术及其相关原理并对木质纤维素预处理技术发展前景作了展望。

英文摘要：

Due to the huge reserve, wide spread, and renewability, lignocellulose has been chosen as the alternative energy resource for fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum and nature gas. One important way for the utilization of lignocellulose is fuel ethanol. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are the main components of lignocellulose. Their close association causes physical and chemical barriers for the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses into fermentable sugars. Therefore, the pretreatment of lignocellulose is necessary before the hydrolysis process. This paper reviewed and prospected four methods and its reaction mechanism of lignocellulose pretreatment.