中文摘要：

随着军事医学的发展,防生物危害医学学科研究的范畴应当包括目前认识到的所有可以导致生物危害的领域,包括生物战、生物恐怖、外来有害生物入侵、生物资源流失、转基因生物安全和研发、突发疫情的应对研究等。鼠疫耶尔森菌是导致自然疫源性疾病鼠疫的病原菌,也是重要的生物战和生物恐怖剂之一,历史上曾3次导致世界鼠疫大流行,多次被用于战争,并多次在战争中导致军队感染。目前鼠疫主要分布在亚洲、非洲、美洲及俄罗斯地区,我国现有12种类型的鼠疫自然疫源地,分布在19个省（区）,占国土面积的15%左右,疫情监测结果表明,疫区动物鼠疫自然疫源地异常活跃,面积不断扩大,逐渐向城市逼近,防治形势严峻。2001年美国＂9.11＂恐怖袭击后,鼠疫耶尔森菌的研究方兴未艾,其中很多研究进展对其他生物恐怖剂的研究具有借鉴意义。微生物法医学溯源数据库的建立及其检测新技术的研究进展为生物恐怖剂的溯源和应急处置提供了很好的经验。

英文摘要：

As the military medicine progresses,the scope of protective medicine against biological threats should be extended to any facets that caused biological threats,including biowarfare,bioterrorisms,invasion of alien organisms,loss of biological resources,genetically modified organisms,and emerging infectious diseases.Yersinia pestis is the pathogen for a typical zoonotic disease,plague,and it is also one of important biowarfare or bioterrorism agents.In history,this pathogen once caused three pandemics,and it was employed several time in war causing infection of military personnels many times.Currently,plague is distributed in Asia,former Soviet Union region,Africa and America.In China,there are 12 kinds of natural plague foci at present,distributing in 19 provincinal regions and covering about 15% of our land area.Plague surveillance demonstrated that animal plague is active in some foci,area of plague foci is increasing gradually and extending to the border of cities,indicating that we have faced a great challenge for plague prevention and control.After terrorism attack in U.S.A.in 2001,studies on Y.pestis grew very rapidly and the progress has laid a solid foundation for researches on other bioterrorism-associated pathogens.Source-tracing database for microbial forensics analysis of Y.pestis and the rapid no-site detection method for this pathogen are also excellent experience for establishing other bioterrorism agents.