中文摘要：

施肥与土壤微生物和酶活性关系密切,为探明大麦-双季稻三熟制种植模式下不同施肥处理对大麦（Hordaum vulgare L.）各个生育时期稻田土壤微生物和酶活性的影响,本研究以湖南宁乡长期定位试验为平台,分析了5种施肥处理之间[化肥（MF）、秸秆还田＋化肥（RF）、30%有机肥＋70%化肥（OM1）、60%有机肥＋40%化肥（OM2）和无肥（CK）]稻田土壤微生物和酶活性动态变化特征。大麦各主要生育时期,长期施肥促进了部分生理功能土壤微生物数量。土壤甲烷细菌和甲烷氧化菌数量均以OM2和OM1处理最高,均显著高于其他处理（P〈0.05）;各施肥处理土壤硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量大小顺序分别表现为OM2〉OM1〉RF〉MF〉CK和OM2〉OM1〉CK〉RF〉MF;固氮菌和氨化细菌数量均表现为OM1〉OM2〉RF〉MF〉CK;纤维素分解菌数量表现为OM1〉MF〉OM2〉RF〉CK。大麦各个主要生育时期,施肥显著提高了土壤酶的活性,各施肥处理土壤脲酶活性大小顺序表现为RF〉OM2〉OM1〉MF〉CK;过氧化氢酶活性以OM2处理为最高,与RF、MF和CK处理的差异达显著水平（P〈0.05）;OM2处理的蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性均为最高,均显著高于CK处理（P〈0.05）;纤维素酶活性均以RF处理最高,均显著高于MF和CK处理（P〈0.05）。长期施肥促进了部分生理功能土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性,其中以有机无机肥配施效果最为明显。

英文摘要：

Soil microbe and soil enzyme activities are closely related with fertilizer inputs. The objective of the study is to explore the effect of different fertilizer treatments on soil microbe and soil enzyme activities in paddy soil during barley （Hordaum vulgare L.） growth stages, under the triple-cropping planting model with barley-double cropping rice. The long-term fertilizer experiment was used as a platform in Ningxiang of Hunan Province. We analyzed the soil microbe and soil enzyme activities under 5 treatments including mineral fertilizer alone （MF）, rice residues plus mineral fertilizer （RF）, 30% organic matter and 70% mineral fertilizer （OM1）, 60% organic matter and 40% mineral fertilizer （OM2）, and without fertilizer （CK）. The results showedthat long-term fertilizer treatments significantly affected some physiological function soil microbial quantity in the main growth stages of barley. The amount of methanogens and methanotrophs in soil with OM2 and OM1 was the highest, and was significantly higher than that of MF, RF, CK during the main growth stages of barley. And the amount of nitrifying and denitrification bacteria in soil of different treatments was OM2〉OM1 〉RF〉 MF〉CK and OM2〉OMI〉CK〉RF〉MF respectively. Meanwhile, the amount of azotobacteria and ammonifiers in soil of different treatments was OM 1 〉OM2〉RF〉MF〉CK during the main growth stages of barley, and the amount of cellulose--decomposing bacteria in soil of different treatments was OM 1 〉 MF 〉 OM2〉RF〉CK. Meanwhile, the soil enzyme activities were increased by fertilizer application. The soil urease activity of different treatments was RF〉OM2〉OM1 〉MF〉CK. The value of soil catalase activity with OM2 was the highest, and was significantly higher than that of RF, MF, CK during the main growth stages of barley. The value of soil invertase and soil dehydrogenase activities with OM2 was the highest, and was significantly higher than that of CK. And the value of soil cellobiohyrolase activity