中文摘要：

关于远离β稳定线的原子核的研究是当前原子核结构领域的一个重要前沿.质子发射现象是远离β稳定线的原子核的一种重要衰变模式,可以为研究质子滴线附近的原子核性质提供宝贵的信息.现代实验技术已经能够比较深入地研究极端条件下的原子核结构情况,许多最新实验结果为人们理解奇特原子核的性质起到了重要作用.本文试图综述近年来国际上关于质子发射核研究的进展,旨在为质子发射核结构研究提供一些参考.

英文摘要：

Studies of nuclei far from the β stability line have been at the forefront of nuclear structure research. Proton radioactivity is an important decay mode for nuclei near the proton drip-line. Studies of this decay mode can reveal valuable information on exotic nuclear structure and provide deep insights on the organization of nuclei in extreme conditions. For example, recent advances in modern experimental techniques have allowed the measurement of the detailed rotational structure of proton emitters. Yu et al. of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory identified states in the ground-state proton emitter 151Lu, which were populated by using the recoil-decay tagging technique. The systematic data suggested a possible isomeric level at high spin in 15lLu. In addition, by using the same technique, Seweryniak et al. of the Argonne National Laboratory observed rotational bands feeding the ground state and the isomeric state in the proton emitter I41Ho. These authors showed that, by using a state-of-the-art detection system, it is possible to study excited states in nuclei produced with sub 100 nb cross-sections. These new experimental data have given us valuable information for understanding the interactions in exotic systems, which motivate further theoretical development. For example, in the experimental work of Seweryniak et al., the authors challenged existing theoretical models to include non-axial degrees of freedom in the nuclear potential in calculations of proton decay rates. In this article, we provide a brief review on the recent progress in the studies of proton emitters, with an emphasis on introducing exciting theoretical models. A good model should not only yield the decay rates, but should also contain microscopic degrees of freedom that provide information on the detailed structure. This requires developing theoretical models that extend beyond the semi-classical methods, for example those based on the particle-rotor model. We mention several such attempts that are documented in the literature, including