中文摘要：

针对铝合金中厚板室温下反拉深易破裂问题,提出了温热反拉深成形方法。以4.5 mm厚的5A06铝合金板材为研究对象,分别进行室温、280和360℃下的反拉深实验和数值模拟研究,分析温度、压边力和压边间隙对反拉深变形过程中破裂和起皱缺陷的影响规律。采用Abaqus/Explicit软件对温热反拉成形进行了热力耦合数值模拟,得到反拉深变形过程中应力及温度的分布。结果表明：弯曲效应导致凹模内圆角与直壁区过渡处在厚度方向存在径向应力梯度,当温度升高至280℃时,该应力梯度由室温下505 MPa降为72 MPa,减小了85.7%。提高成形温度能明显降低径向应力梯度,从而避免了破裂的发生。当温度高于280°C时,外侧凹模圆角处的切向应力增大,该处起皱缺陷易于发生。当温度升高至360℃时,材料由于过度软化而发生破裂。采用1.5t（t=4.5 mm）压边间隙时,能消除高温成形过程中破裂和起皱缺陷,并成功成形420 mm深的筒形件。

英文摘要：

In order to avoid the occurrence of fracture at room temperature in reverse deep drawing of aluminum alloy plate, the warm reverse deep drawing method was proposed. The experiments were conducted at room temperature, 280 and 360 ℃ with a 4.5 mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plate. The effect of temperature, blank-holding force and gap on the fracture and wrinkle of the reverse deep drawing process was investigated. A fully coupled thermal-mechanical simulation was carried out to obtain the stress distribution through the commercial software of Abaqus/Explicit. The results show that the fracture is avoided at 280 ℃ since the bending-induced stress gradient in the transient area between the inside corner and the straight wall decreases from 505 MPa at RT to 72 MPa at 280 ° C. Although the fracture is avoided as the temperature increases, the wrinkle occurs at the outside die corner at temperature over 280 ° C, where the circumferential compressive stress becomes larger than that at the inside. As the temperature increases to 360 ℃, the fracture occurs due to the excessive softening, the tensile stress in the straight wall reaches rapidly to the tensile strength at the beginning of reverse deep drawing. When 1.5t （t=4.5 mm） blank holding gap is applied at 280 ℃, both the fracture and wrinkle can be avoided, and 420 mm deep cups are drawn successfully.