中文摘要：

通过水热合成法制备了Ni/Al水滑石催化剂,并测试了其催化DMC与苯酚酯交换反应的性能,考察了沉淀剂和镍铝摩尔比对Ni/Al水滑石活性的影响。结果发现,Ni/Al水滑石具有较好的酯交换催化活性,且以尿素为沉淀剂制备的Ni/Al水滑石晶型较好,目标产物的选择性也较高。进一步研究表明,均一的水滑石物相对酯交换反应的催化活性有利,在镍铝摩尔比为1：1,n（Urea）：n（NO3-）=1：1,100℃水热合成条件下制备的催化剂的催化活性最好,碳酸二甲酯（DMC）的转化率为20.2%,甲基苯基碳酸酯（MPC）和碳酸二苯酯（DPC）的收率分别为13.1%和3.8%。

英文摘要：

Ni/Al hydrotalcite catalysts were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and the catalytic activities of transesterification from DMC and phenol were investigated.The effects of precipitant and Ni/Al molar ratios on Ni/Al hydrotalcite activity were studied.The results show that Ni/Al hydrotalcite had good activity,and especially,the crystal of Ni/Al hydrotalcite prepared with urea as precitating agent and catalytic selectivity of target products were better.Futher study shows that homogeneous hydrotalcite favored the catalytic activities of transesterification.The highest activity was obtained from the catalyst prepared under the conditions of Ni/Al molar ratio of 1,n（Urea）∶n（NO3-）=1∶1,100℃ water treatment temperature.The conversion of dimethyl carbonate was 20.2 %,the yield of methyl phenyl carbonate（MPC） and diphenyl cabonate（DPC） reached 13.1 % and 3.8%,respectively.