中文摘要：

The most common irreversible blindness diseases are age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,and diabetic retinopathy which involve the optic nerve or retina.These diseases share a common condition of causing blindness-progressive neural cells loss of retina (photoreceptor cells,retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)).Although many advances in the treatment for these diseases have been achieved in recent years,the visual function often cannot be reversed.To improve the visual outcomes,the retinal neuron cells must be rescued.Optic nerve diseases including glaucoma were mostly studied for the effort to rescue the injured neurons and regenerate the neuron axons.

英文摘要：

The most common irreversible blindness diseases are age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, anddiabetic retinopathy which involve the optic nerve or retina. These diseases share a common condition of causing blindness - progressive neural cells loss of retina （photoreceptor ceils, retinal ganglion cells （RGCs））. Although many advances in the treatment for these diseases have been achieved in recent years, the visual function often cannot be reversed. To improve the visual outcomes, the retinal neuron cells must be rescued. Optic nerve diseases including glaucoma were mostly studied for the effort to rescue the injured neurons and regenerate the neuron axons.