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中文摘要：
准确快速进行溃坝洪水预报能够为防灾减灾提供重要的技术支撑。堰塞坝漫顶溃坝模型试验显示,在强烈的非恒定流作用下,坝体材料以高强度推移质输沙同时伴有悬移质挟沙的运动形式向下游输移,水流对坝体的冲刷输移量不断增大并逐渐趋于平衡。溃口因受侧向侵蚀而逐渐拓宽,边岸随着侵蚀后退而逐渐变陡并发生坍塌,直接影响洪水的下泄过程。在上述试验基础上,采用非平衡输沙变化方程及河流动力学输沙公式计算溃口通道的冲淤变形,引入边岸侵蚀和崩塌模式模拟溃口展宽过程,并依据横向变形方程计算侧向侵蚀的宽度,建立了堰塞坝漫顶溃决洪水预测计算方法。利用唐家山堰塞坝溃坝实测资料检验的结果表明,本文建立的预测计算方法同实际测量资料较为符合。
英文摘要：
The rapid and reliable prediction of dam-break flood can provide important information for disaster prevention and mitigation. On the basis of physical model experiment observation, the dam material was mainly transported as bed load movement and some ether was transported as suspended load movement, under strong unsteady flow. The breach was enlarged due to side erosion and the bank erosion finally lead to a collapse, which is a directly influence on the flood process. Based on the physical motion graphics of erodible dam breach due to overtopping, a physical-based model is established for calculating the flood pro- cess, using the non-equilibrium sediment transposition equations to simulate dam erosion and a collapse model for calculating the process of breach. The model is verified using the results of Tangjiashan landslide dam formed due to the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. The agreements between calculated and measured da- ta showed the applicability of the proposed model.
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