中文摘要：

目的在病原学检测的基础上分析、比较婴幼儿诺如病毒腹泻与轮状病毒腹泻的临床特点。方法对2002年1月至2006年12月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院就诊的779例急性腹泻患儿收集粪便标本，用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）方法检测轮状病毒基因，同时用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对其中318份标本检测诺如病毒抗原。结果779份标本检出轮状病毒阳性263例，阳性检出率为33．8％；318份标本巾诺如病毒阳性79例，阳性检出率为24．8％；其中16例为轮状病毒和诺如病毒混合感染。诺如病毒组在发热程度上与轮状病毒组差异有统计学意义，其他临床表现如发病年龄、日平均腹泻次数、疾病病程等均相似，而混合感染组与其他两组临床表现的差异均无统计学意义；但流行季节有所不同，轮状病毒腹泻更集中于寒冷季节，始于10月，直至次年4月，而于10月至次年1月的检出阳性率最高；诺如病毒的检出没有明显的季节性，一年四季均可检出，但是冬季的检出率略高于其他季节。结论轮状病毒仍是秋冬季婴幼儿急性腹泻的主要病原，诺如病毒也是引起婴幼儿急性腹泻的重要病原之一，两者也是引起院内急性病毒性腹泻的主要病原，但两者的临床表现没有差异。

英文摘要：

Objective To compare the clinical manifestations of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and rotavirus in infants and young children in Beijing. Methods Stool specimens were collected from infants and young children with acute diarrhea who visited the Affiliated Children＇s Hospital to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2002 to December 2006. Registration form was designed for clinical data collection for each patient from whom specimen was collected. Poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis （PAGE） and enzyme immunoassay （EIA） were used to detect rotavirus and Human norovirus, respectively. Results Among 779 stool specimens tested for rotavirus, 263 were positive （33.8%）, and norovirus positive specimens were 79 out of 318 （24.8%） specimens tested. Most of the clinical manifestations of gastroenteritis caused by these two viruses were quite similar with no significant difference, except for fever. The seasonal distribution of these two viruses were different with the peak of rotavirus infection was in cold weather between October and January, as indicated by the peak of the positive rates of the virus detection. The infection of norovirus seemed no obvious peak in the year. Conclusion Rotavirus is the most important pathogen for acute diarrhea among infants and young children while. Norovirus is also an important pathogen for acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. No significant difference was found out for clinical manifestations for the gastroenteritis caused by these two viruses.