中文摘要：

文章综述了植物2n配子发生及其遗传标记研究现状，论述涉及有关形态学标记、细胞学标记、同工酶标记乃至DNA标记等遗传标记在2n配子研究中的应用，指出通过花粉形态观察、大小孢子母细胞减数分裂行为观察、杂种后代倍性鉴定以及亲子分子标记相关分析等，对2n配子发生、2n配子遗传类型与杂合性以及2n配子在育种实践中的有效性等进行研究。分子标记技术已经成为2n配子形成相关基因分析等方面的有力工具，利用分子标记等手段，研究2n配子形成的分子机理以及应用于辅助育种等将成为今后的热点，进而推动植物育种尤其是多倍体育种蓬勃发展。

英文摘要：

2n gametes are the result of meiotic mutation during micro-and mega-sporogenesis that bear the sporophytic rather than the gametophytic chromosome number. This paper reviewed the genetic markers including the morphologic, cytological, isozymes and DNA markers, which have been employed in the generation, inheritance, heterozygosity and marker-assisted breeding of 2n gametes based on the frequency of large pollen grains, cytological analyses, unexpected occurrence of polyploidy progeny and the associations between parents and progenies. Future perspectires include strategies for a better understanding of the genetic control and meiotic mutations responsible for 2n gametes formation, this could open up new prospects in the use of 2n gametes for plant breeding. It should be possible to use marker-assisted selection of superior 2n gametes for polyloid breeding.