中文摘要：

铁杉属在亚洲主要分布于亚洲季风区东部，间断分布于中国大陆、台湾岛以及日本列岛（除北海道）。在中国大陆间断分布在西南山区（横断山区和部分东喜马拉雅）、中部山区（秦岭-大巴山区）和东南山区（华东山地）。亚洲季风区铁杉属的现代分布环境要求年降水量范围为720～2103mm，生长季降水量为635～1489mm；年均温范围为5．8～18．2℃，冬季月均温为-2．7～11．5℃，年最冷月均温为-3．7-10．9℃，年最暖月均温为13．0—28．2℃，气温年较差为9．7～25．4℃。亚洲季风区铁杉属的现代地理分布与气候要素值相互关系的分析表明，无铁杉分布的朝鲜半岛及其邻近的我国东北山地和山东山地降水量均大于700mm，基本上能够满足铁杉属生长的水分条件；而朝鲜半岛及其邻近的我国东北山地和山东山地的气温年较差明显大于铁杉属分布区的值，同时两地的冬季月均温和年最冷月均温明显低于铁杉属分布区的值，这也是这些地区没有铁杉属分布的主要气候原因。总之，这些亚洲季风区水分条件能够满足铁杉属生长需要，但冬季温度（包括冬季月平均温度和年最冷月均温）和气温年较差无法满足铁杉属生长需要，导致这些地区无铁杉属现代分布记录。

英文摘要：

In Asia, Tsuga is mainly distributed in the Asian Monsoon region, and intermittently distributed in Mainland China, Taiwan Central Ranges and Japanese Archipelago （except Hokkaido）. In Mainland China, it is discontinuously distributed in the southwestern mountains （the Hengduan Mountains and a part of the Eastern Himalayas）, the central mountains （the Qinling Mountains and the Daba Mountains） and the southeastern mountains （the East China mountains）. In its modern geographical distribution, Tsuga growth requires following climatic conditions： annual precipitation （AP） range of 720-2 103 ram, growing season precipitation （GP） range of 635-1489 mm, annual mean temperature （AMT） range of 5.8-18.2℃, winter mean temperature （WMT） range of - 2.7-11.5 ℃, mean temperature for the coldest month （MTC） range of -3.7-10.9℃, mean temperature for the warmest month （MTW） range of 13.0-28.2℃, and the annual range of monthly mean temperature （ART） range of 9.7-25.4℃. In the Asian Monsoon region, AP in Korean Peninsula and its adjacent northeast China mountainous region, and the Shangdong mountainous region is more than 700 mm and generally meet the moisture requirements of Tsuga growth. But ART of these two Tsuga-free regions are apparently higher than that of Tsuga regions, mad WMT and MTC are lower than those for Tsuga regions. It indicates that temperature conditions, particularly WMT, MTC and ART are constraints for the growth of Tsuga in these Asian Monsoon region. In conclusion, moisture conditions can generally meet Tsuga living requirements in these monsoon mountainous regions, but winter temperature （including WMT and MTC） and ART become limited factors of Tsuga in these regions.