中文摘要：

气囊下水已经成功用于7万吨级船舶的下水，但由于下水过程中气囊变形情况不可控，下水过程仍然存在相当的风险。借鉴船舶滑道纵向下水力学理论，针对气囊特征进行改进，引入船用气囊的承压变形本构关系等，建立了船舶气囊下水过程的动力学模型，实现了气囊支承力及船体变形量实时计算。还对多气囊产生的非线性支承力分布、入水气囊的支承力计算、气囊与船体间的摩擦系数等关键问题进行分析研究，编制了相应程序；对下水过程中可能的气囊破坏极端情况进行了模拟计算，研究了气囊爆破失效对下水过程安全性的影响。

英文摘要：

Ship launching with airbags has been successfully applied for a 70 000 tonnage ship. However, the uncontrollable contact deformation of airbags during launching process still cause risks. In the paper, a dynamic model of the process of ship launching with airbags is established with reference to longitudinal launching theory of shipway launching, with modification of characteristic of ship airbags; real-time supporting forces of airbags are calculated combined with constitutive relations. Some key problems including constitutive relation of airbags in water, friction coefficient and relative motion coefficient between ship hull and airbags are discussed. Programs are developed for relative problems. The launching process on extreme condition is simulated, and safety of the process is assessed.