中文摘要：

借助问卷调查的方法,对北京市民众的地震灾害认知水平进行了初步调查分析。结果表明,目前北京民众对于地震灾害知识的掌握水平非常有限,部分民众辨识地震谣言的能力不足;在防震减灾技能方面,民众的掌握程度相对较好,基本上都能够正确认识和掌握紧急避震的注意事项及震后的救人技巧等;北京民众整体的防震减灾意识较强,都希望多了解掌握一些防震减灾知识和技能,且绝大部分民众都能认识到邻里、社区或单位的自救互救在应急救灾方面的重要性。北京民众对地震灾害知识的认知水平具有群体差异性,男性整体认知水平要稍好于女性;受教育程度、年龄均对民众的认知水平有着显著的正影响。除继续加强传统传媒渠道对防震减灾知识和技能的宣传外,加强学校正规教育中的灾害教育渗透和通过互联网及手机等现代通信方式进行宣传教育也应得到进一步的重视。

英文摘要：

This paper analyzes the features of public earthquake disaster cognition by the methods of question- naire survey in Beijing. The results show that at present,the public cognitive ability of earthquake dis- aster in the studied area is not ideal and part of the populace could not effectively identify earthquake rumors in Beijing. However,most of the public could accurately master the knowledge and skills of the emergency evacuation in and recue after an earthquake in Beijing. Public awareness of protection a- gainst and mitigation of earthquake disasters are continually enhanced. The public hope to master more knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Moreover, most of public could realize the importance of self-aid and mutual aid among neighbors, communities and departments. The public fea- tures of earthquake disaster cognition show an obvious group difference in Beijing. the cognitive level of female is inferior to that of the male in Beijing, and public cognitive level shows a gradually increased tendency with age. The public education levels have significant effect on their cognitive levels. The more the knowledge gained by the populace ,the higher the cognitive levels are. Furthermore,the public education level might be the basic influencing factor. Except for strengthening the publicity of the knowledge and skills of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction by traditional electronic media ,the school education and modem communication, such as internet,cell phone,are also the effective publicity ways, to which more attention should be paid. In addition, due to the limited conditions, there are still rooms to improve in this study, in which the sampling method is the main one. Compared to the proba- bility sampling, the sample representation of non-probability sampling used in this paper might be insuf- ficient,which might inevitably have some effects on the results of this study.