中文摘要：

为了有效选择监控模态振型阶数,并使振型向量间夹角和测点振动能量同时尽可能大,提出了基于模态能量和自适应遗传算法的多目标传感器优化布置方法。首先,根据结构模态应变能的大小挑选出环境激励下结构的主要贡献模态,即优化时所取的监控模态。然后,根据单位刚度的模态运动能以及模态置信度矩阵构造新的适应度函数,利用自适应遗传算法对布点进行优化。以国家游泳中心钢结构为工程背景,对其模态测试时加速度传感器布点进行了优化。计算结果表明：所提方法适用于环境激励下大跨空间钢结构模态测试时传感器的优化布置。

英文摘要：

In order to select the modal order effectively,to make the value of angle among the modal shape vectors and the kinetic energy of measurement point be as large as possible at the same time,a multi-objectives method based on modal energy and adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed.The modal shape order for optimal sensor placement is the order of significant modals selected by the modal strain energy.Optimal sensor placement is done by the adaptive genetic algorithm（AGA）,whose fitness function is a new function based on the kinetic energy and the modal assurance criterion（MAC） matrix.Taking the steel structural of National Aquatic Center as a case,the acceleration sensors in modal parameter testing are optimized by the proposed method.The results show that： the proposed method is suit for optimal sensor placement for the modal parameter test of a large span spatial steel structure under ambient excitations.