紧急灾难数据库(EmergencyEventsDatabase,EM-DAT)是国际上最为重要的免费灾害数据资源之一,在国际灾害管理与研究界得到广泛应用。首先介绍EM-DAT数据库的建立与特点,所涵盖数据的标准、类型与内容,数据的收录程序和方法。以及该数据库现存的一些问题。其次,对EM-DAT在国际自然灾害多发地区计划(HotspotsIndexingProject,Hotspots)与国际灾害风险指标计划(TheDisasterRiskIndexingProject,DRI)中的应用做了分析。最后,基于该数据库对1976-2005年间亚洲洪水灾害特征进行了初步研究。
The Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) is one of the most important free international database, used widely in international disaster management and research community. This paper introduces the creation and characteristic of EM-DAT database, the criteria, type and content of the data contained at first, including the procedure and method, and some extant questions of this database. Secondly, the applications of the EM-DAT in The Hotspots Indexing Project (Hotspots) and The Disaster Risk Indexing Project (DRI) have been analyzed. Finally, this paper carried on preliminary research on the flood disaster characteristic in Asia during 1976-2005 years on the base of this database.