中文摘要：

生物毒素是一类生物源小分子化合物，已知化学结构的达数千种．生物毒素作为重要资源库在开发新药、探讨病因和生命科学奥秘方面具有重要意义，但具有结构复杂、分布广、毒性强、生物学功能较特殊且不易找到有效的解毒剂等特性．因此，发展快速、高灵敏度、高特异性的生物毒素检测方法显得尤为重要．目前，生物毒素检测方法主要包括高效液相色谱、质谱和免疫学检测法．高效液相色谱、质谱具有定性、定量、灵敏度高、选择性强等特点而受到关注，但仪器昂贵，成本较高．而免疫学检测方法，如酶联免疫吸附法，灵敏度高，简便，快速，投资少，测定结果可靠，常常作为一些单位的首选．近年来发展较快的等离子体共振法和极谱检测法在检测灵敏度和检测时间方面又有了很大提高，但由于应用范围和使用对象受限，推广存在一定难度．

英文摘要：

Biotoxins are biogenic small molecule compounds that are structures, wide distribution, strong toxicity, special functions and rare as many as thousands of kinds. Due to their complicated antidote, it is very important to develop fast and sensitive methods for detecting biotoxins with high specificity. At present, the main detection measures include high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and immunological assay. The detection methods based on high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry have better selectivity and higher sensitivity, and these methods can be used in precise qualitative and quantitative analysis. But the equipments of these methods are expensive. Immunological assay, especially enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple performance, fast detection, low cost and high accuracy, so it is still the first choice. In addition, some new methods developed in recent years, such as resonance plasma technology and polarographic determination method, have been enormously improved in sensitivity and detection speed. However, because of their limit in some aspects, they are still difficult to be widely applied.