中文摘要：

【目的】检疫害虫葡萄根瘤蚜Daktulosphaira vitifoliae已经在我国多个地区葡萄园发现为害,直接影响葡萄生长;前期实验发现烟草水浸提液可有效控制离体根上根瘤蚜的存活率,本研究进一步开展盆栽验证,探讨烟草水浸提液对葡萄根瘤蚜侵染的控制效应及葡萄植株生长抑制的缓解作用。【方法】以两年生温室盆栽‘巨峰’自根苗为实验材料,接种根瘤蚜虫卵35 d后进行烟草水浸提液处理,处理后测定供试植株的根结数、生长量、根系活力、叶片光合速率及叶绿素荧光等指标。【结果】20 mg/m L和50 mg/m L的烟草水浸提液对根瘤蚜均有一定程度的抑制作用,施药21 d后,葡萄根部的新增根结数分别比侵染对照下降了42.9%和52.8%。烟草水浸提液处理还在一定程度上缓解了根瘤蚜侵染对植株的光合能力和荧光的抑制作用。20 mg/m L和50 mg/m L烟草水浸提液处理的株高分别比侵染对照提高了57.1%和7.7%;根瘤蚜侵染降低了土壤中真菌、细菌和放线菌的数量,烟草水浸提液处理进一步降低了真菌和放线菌的数量,降低了由微生物带来的次生侵染几率。【结论】烟草水浸提液对葡萄根瘤蚜的侵染具有控制效果,并可对葡萄根瘤蚜侵染已造成的寄主危害有一定的缓解作用。

英文摘要：

【Aim】Grape phylloxera（Daktulosphaira vitifoliae） has been found in some vineyards in China and caused serious damage.Our previous research found that aqueous extracts of tobacco could control the damage of D.vitifoliae on excised roots.The aim of this research was to evaluate the control efficacy of aqueous extracts of tobacco towards grape phylloxera infection and grape growth.【Methods】Two year-old Kyoho grapes were chosen as the test materials in the greenhouse,and the root activity,overground growth amount,number of nodosities and photosynthesis rate of the grape were determined.【Results】The results showed that aqueous extracts of tobacco had certain alleviating effects on phylloxera infection.Both the aqueous extracts of tobacco at the concentration of 20 mg/m L and 50 mg/m L had an inhibition to phylloxera infection.At 21 d after the aqueous extracts of tobacco were applied,the number of nodosities of the grape in the treatments with 20 mg/m L and 50 mg/m L aqueous extracts of tobacco decreased by 42.9% and 52.8% as compared with that of the phylloxera infected grapes（the infection control）.Compared to the infection control,plant growth amount in the treatments with 20 mg/m L and 50 mg/m L aqueous extracts of tobacco increased by 57.1% and 7.7%,respectively.Grape phylloxera infection decreased the microorganism amount in the soil;however,the aqueous extracts of tobacco decreased the amount of fungi,which could decrease the secondary infection possibility of microorganisms.【Conclusion】Aqueous extracts of tobacco have a control effect on grape phylloxera and can ease the damages caused by phylloxera infection in potted tests.