中文摘要：

在微生物筛选过程中，99％的未培养微生物是用传统的方法无法分离的，这极大地限制了微生物生态领域中的多样性和利用生物资源等方面的研究．采用新技术成为研究未培养微生物的技术瓶颈．综述应用于未培养微生物的两种新技术——宏基因组和稳定同位素，探讨这两种新技术在寻找功能基因中的应用，特别是在生态环境中寻找功能微生物．探讨降解微生物及其功能基因对污染的生态环境进行的生物修复，为进一步研究微生物生态多样性及其功能基因的开发应用打下基础．

英文摘要：

Based on the strategy to explore microbial resource from natural environment and the fact that the majority （about 99 % ） of microbes in diverse environments are unculturable till now by using traditional microbiological methods, scientists try hardrounding the bottleneck to set up novel techniques to culture and study those uncultured microorganisms. In this paper, two novel methods concerning metagenomics and stable isotope probing for above-mentioned study were introduced and the application of searching functional genes and functional microbes in ecological environment was also discussed. In addition, the suggestion of bioremediation of polluted environment with degrading microbes and their functional gene was proposed.