中文摘要：

L-苹果酸是生物体代谢过程中产生的重要有机酸,具有许多生物功能和生物活性,尤其在能量代谢方面对保护人类健康起着重要的作用。近年来微生物发酵法生产L-苹果酸的优势逐渐显现,随着苹果酸生物合成途径的阐明及其相关基因的克隆,运用基因工程手段调控微生物合成苹果酸已成为可能。本文对苹果酸生物合成代谢途径及重要酶和相关基因的研究进展进行综述,并对近年来苹果酸产生菌的最新研究进行总结,最后展望了未来构建苹果酸基因工程菌的研究方向。

英文摘要：

L-malate, an important organic acid in the process of metabolism, is greatly beneficial to human health owning to its diverse biological functions. In recent years, the advantages of microbial fermentation for producing L-malic acid by are gradually emerging. The metabolic pathway of L-malic acid has been clarified and many related genes have been cloned. Therefore, the development of genetic engineering technologies has made it possible to improve the biosynthesis of L-malic acid. In this paper, the recent progress in the biosynthesis pathway of L-malic acid and the cloning of the genes encoding key enzymes involved in L-malic acid biosynthesis in microorganisms is reviewed, and the latest research on malic acidproducing strains is summarized. At last, we propose further directions and prospects in the construction of genetically engineered strains for malic acid biosynthesis.