中文摘要：

为了探究不同维度下交通碳排放的形成机理,明确影响交通碳排放的主要因素,研究运用多维度移动监测设备,构建了城市交通碳排放移动监测体系,并选取典型路网采集了道路、交通、气象、交通碳排放及行驶特征等信息。在微观层面,运用皮尔逊相关分析和Granger因果检验,揭示了转速、比功率参数相较速度、加速度,与车辆碳排放间存在更明显的相关性。在中观层面,运用移动监测结果对MOVES机动车排放模型进行参数标定,并运用克隆巴赫系数验证了模型可靠性;运用敏感度分析考察道路等级对机动车排放因子的影响,结果显示道路等级显著影响排放因子,从而针对各等级道路分别计算平均排放因子。在此基础上,从宏观层面考虑了不同机动车类型在不同等级道路的行驶比例,针对已有机动车碳排放模型进行了修正。研究结果显示：2014年上海市小汽车CO_2,CO,HC排放总量分别为8 271.91,76.95,2.13kt;其中,行驶里程占总里程41%的城市主干路排放分担率超过50%;道路等级是机动车排放因子的重要影响因素,城市主干路作为城市中最主要的碳排放线源,应当成为实施碳排放控制策略的重点区域。

英文摘要：

To explore the formation mechanism of traffic carbon emissions under different dimensions and to clarify the main factors influencing traffic carbon emissions, multi-dimensional mobile monitoring equipment was used to construct a mobile monitoring system for urban traffic carbon emissions. Typical road networks were chosen to collect information about roads, traffic, meteorology, traffic carbon emissions and driving characteristics. At the microscopic level, Pearson correlation analysis and Granger causality test were applied to reveal that rotation rate and specific power parameter, compared with velocity and acceleration, were more relevant to vehicle carbon emissions. At the mesoscopic level, the mobile monitoring results were used to calibrate the vehicle emission model of MOVES and Cronbach＇s alpha coefficient was used to validate the reliability of the model. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of road grade on vehicle emission factors. As it turned out, road grades significantly affected the emission factors and the average emission factor of each grade was calculated. Then, at the macroscopic level, taking the ratio of different vehicle types at different road grades into consideration, the existing vehicle emission model was revised. The results show that the total CO2, CO and HC emissions of small passenger cars in Shanghai in 2014 are 8 271.91, 76.95 and 2.13 kt, respectively. Among them, urban arterials account for 41% of the total mileage and more than 50% of the emissions. Road grade is an important influencing factor of vehicle emission factor and urban arterials. As the most important emission line source in the urban areas, urban arterials should be the key subject to implement traffic emission control strategies.