中文摘要：

以核桃壳为原料,采用同步物理-化学活化法制备活性炭（AC）.用氮气吸附法和傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）,对活性炭的孔结构和表面官能团进行了分析.以活性炭为电极材料制备炭电极,6mol·L^-1KOH溶液为电解液组装成超级电容器,利用恒电流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等电化学测试方法研究其电化学性能及其与活性炭材料结构的关系.结果表明,实验电容器的内电阻、漏电流小,循环充放电稳定性好,容量保持率高;活性炭的比电容随比表面积的增加而增大,且与BET比表面积呈线性相关;孔径在1.5-4nm之间的孔表面有利于形成有效的双电层.中等比表面积1197m^2·g^-1炭样的比电容高达292F·g^-1,80mA充放电时,电容器能量密度高达7.3Wh·kg^-1,功率密度超过770W·kg-1,峰值功率密度为5.1W·g^-1.

英文摘要：

Activated carbon （AC） samples as electrode materials were prepared by means of simultaneous physicalchemical activation using walnut shells as precursors. The porosity and surface chemistry of the resultant AC samples were studied by the nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and FTIR spectrum. The testing supercapacitors were assembled with resultant carbon electrode and electrolyte of 6 mol·L^-1 KOH solution. Their electrochemical properties were investigated by charge-discharge of constant current, cyclic voltammogram, impedance spectrum and so on. The results showed that the capacitor had low inner resistance, low leakage current, high stability, and capacitance retainability. The specific capacitance of AC increased with increasing BET specific surface area. The specific capacitance of the AC sample with a specific area of 1197 m^2·g^-1 could be as high as 292 F·g^-1. At a discharge current of 80 mA, the corresponding specific energy density, power density, and maximum power of the supercapacitor are 7.3 Wh ·kg^-1, 770 Wh ·kg^-1, and 5.1 Wh ·kg^-1, respectively.