中文摘要：

在海上使用的超低空雷达设计中，非常有必要了解不同海情下的海面激光散射特性。针对设计需求，在实验室内通过人工造波模拟海况，解决了实际海环境测试的困难，实现海面激光散射影响因素的定量控制。通过激光散射测试系统，获取各种状态和不同波束照射角情况下的近场激光散射数据，经过统计分析给出了规则正弦波海面和不规则（P—M谱）海面的激光散射特性。海面激光散射与漫反射板散射差异较大，海面散射以表面镜像散射分量为主。激光散射回波起伏随海表面波形空间波长而变化；散射回波大小随擦地角增大而增大；在固定的擦地角时，海情越高相应散射回波越强；当擦地角足够大时，散射回波大小随海情变化不大。

英文摘要：

It is necessary to know the laser scattering characteristics of sea surface in different sea conditions when designing the laser radar using in super-low altitude. According to the design requirements, low altitude radar work situation was simulated by the wave tank facility to solve the difficulty of actual sea environment testing, and the quantitative control of influence factors of sea surface laser scattering was realized. By using the laser scattering measurement system, the near field laser scattering data of various states and different beam irradiation angles were obtained, and the laser scattering characteristics of sea surface with regular sinusoidal wave and irregular PM spectrum were given by statistical analysis. The result shows that there are large differences between sea surface and Lambertian surface and mirror reflection should be main ingredients in the sea surface scattering distribution. Laser scattering echo fluctuation changes with the spatial wavelength of the sea surface wave and the cattering size increases with the increase of grazing angle. Furthermore, condition is, the stronger the corresponding scattering echo is at a fixed grazing angle, size will not change with the sea conditions when the grazing angle is large enough. the higher the sea but scattering echo