中文摘要：

科学技术和现代工业的发展使得工程材料或构件面临着更为极端和恶劣的服役环境,造成了材料的失效行为更加复杂多样,对无损检测技术提出了更高的要求。以工程材料失效检测为背景,介绍了当前常用的五种常规无损检测技术：超声、射线、渗透、涡流、磁粉,以及迅速发展并受到广泛关注的新型无损检测技术,主要是基于声、光、电磁的新型无损检测技术的原理、现状、应用及发展趋势进行了系统介绍。

英文摘要：

With the development of scientific technology and modern industry,engineering materials and components are facing more complex and harsh service environments.And non-destructive testing technologies are being challenged for development.Failure inspection in engineering materials is taken as the background,the current status,development trends of conventional non-destructive testing methods are summarized,such as radiographic testing,ultrasonic testing,eddy current testing,magnetic particle testing,penetrate testing.Then,the new methods of non-destructive testing based on ultrasonic,optical,and electromagnetic are also summarized.The principles,current status,industrial application and development trends of those new methods are systematic introduced.