以高速铁路32m单箱单室简支梁为例,建立了考虑土一结构动力相互作用的车-桥-墩-桩-土耦合振动系统整体三维有限元分析模型。车辆采用具有二系悬挂的多自由度车辆模型,场地土采用京沪高速铁路沿线实勘软土地基土层数据,在土体截断处采用粘弹性人工边界模拟半无限域土体,采用基于库伦接触算法的动力三维接触单元模拟轮轨接触。分析了桥墩和桩基等下部结构对车桥耦合振动的影响,以及车桥耦合振动对周围场地土振动的影响。计算结果表明车桥耦合振动受桥墩和桩基影响显著;周围场地的振动振级随着距离的增大而逐渐减小,相对水平振动而言,竖向振动衰减的更加明显;地面振动的高频分量衰减速度大于低频分量的衰减速度,远场地面振动以低频分量为主;地面振动与列车速度不是简单的线性递增关系,与上部结构桥梁的振动有关。
A three-dimensional FEM analytical model for train-bridge-pier-pile-soil coupled vibration system considering soil- structure interactions is built using a high-speed train car simulated by 32m long simply supported beam as example. The car was modeled as a multiple degrees of freedom system with two layer suspensions. Soil foundation data were measured on-site at the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, and as part of the soil modeling, visco-elastie artificial boundary elements were employed to simulate the soil in semi-infinite domain. Contacts between train-car wheels and the underlying rails were simu- lated using 3D dynamic contact elements which were based on a Coulomb' s contact algorithm. The influences of the underlying structures, such as piers and piles, on vehicle-bridge coupled vibrations were analyzed, and the effects of the coupled vibrations on the vibrations of the surrounding soil were studied too. The results show that the coupled vehicle-bridge vibrations are significantly influenced by nearby piers and piles. Furthermore, vertical vibration levels are found to attenuate with increasing distance to foundation, whereas attenuation of horizontal vibrations is not so obvious. The high frequency components in field vibration attenuate more rapidly than low frequency ones, therefore remote field vibrations contain dominant low frequency components. Field vibration levels do not linearly correlate with vehicle speed, but they are largely affected by their superstructure vibrations.