中文摘要：

人工植被重建是对受损生态系统进行修复的重要手段,但不同植被配置对土壤养分恢复效果的评估研究仍非常欠缺。本研究对采用5种不同人工植被配置模式修复近20年后的黑岱沟露天煤矿区排土场的土壤养分恢复状况进行了评价,结果表明,排土场土壤养分含量受植被配置类型的影响显著。不同土壤深度的有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）和硝态氮（NO3--N）含量差异显著（P〈0.05）,而总磷（TP）、总钾（TK）和铵氮（NH4＋-N）差异不显著（P〉0.05）。虽然SOM、TN和NO3--N均表现出明显的表聚性,但与天然植被相比,人工植被的建植改变了其剖面垂直分布特征。经过近20年的修复,混播有豆科牧草的纯草本配置在5种植被配置中的恢复效果表现最好,其0-50 cm土壤平均SOM、TN和NO3--N分别恢复到天然植被区的63.9%、57.8%和184.8%,尤其是30-50 cm的SOM、TN和NO3--N含量水平更是超过了自然恢复的撂荒地。因此,人工植被重建是促进矿区土壤养分恢复的有效措施,混播有豆科牧草的纯草本是进行土壤修复的首选植被配置模式,SOM、TN和NO3--N可作为评估矿区土壤养分修复的评价指标。

英文摘要：

Artificial revegetation is a vital method of ecological recovery for damaged ecosystems. However,the assessment on the recovery effects of various vegetation patterns is still rare to date. In this study,the recovery situation of recliamed soil nutrients in Heidaigou opencast coal mine recovered for nearly 20- years was evaluated using various artificial vegetation patterns. The results showed that soil nutrients content was significantly affected by vegetation patterns. The contents of SOM,TN and NO3--N were significantly different in various soil depth while there was no significant difference for soil TP,TK and NH4＋-N. Although SOM,TN and NO3--N assembled in the surface soil,artificial vegetation changed their vertical distribution properties compared with natural vegetation. Herbage vegetation with fabaceous plants was better than other vegetation patterns for soil nutrients recovery. Average SOM,TN and NO3--N within 50 cm soil depth had recovered to 63. 9%,57. 8% and 184. 8% of natural vegetation site after nearly 20 years recovery,the average level of SOM,TN and NO3--N within 30- 50 cm soil depth even exceeded abandoned field. The results indicated that artificial revegetation was an effective measure to improve soil nutrients recovery,and herbage vegetation with fabaceous plants was the first choice to implement soil ecological recovery in the mine reclaimed land. Furthermore,SOM,TN and NO3--N could be used as an index to evaluate the effects of soil recovery in this mine region.