中文摘要：

我国水污染问题的突出表现之一是省际间、地区间水污染纠纷接连不断，严重影响经济发展和社会稳定。在流域不同主体之间建立水污染补偿机制，可以把水污染造成的环境外部损失内部化，从而促使污染者在治污成本和经济补偿之间进行权衡，促进水污染治理措施的有效执行和水污染纠纷的解决。在水污染经济损失评估的基础上，以河流为研究对象，采用水环境数学模型的方法描述了污染物排放的空间影响关系，进而把超量排放的环境影响与经济影响联系起来，对模型的基本特征、处理方法和应用范围进行了讨论，并且以太湖流域范围内的京杭运河为例进行实证研究，得到了河流水污染损失补偿的数学模型。

英文摘要：

Water pollution may cause disputes between districts and provinces, and has been one of the most serious environmental problems in China influencing seriously the economic development and social stabilization. The establishment of mechanism for the compensation of water pollution between different parties may enable pollution distributors to measure the disposing and compensation cost. The establishment may also favor internalization of the external environment pollution and promotion of the effective implement of pollution control. Therefore, it will help to resolve the water pollution discordance. On the basis of assessing economic loss due to water pollution, this paper employed water environment model to describe the spatial impact of pollutant discharge in rivers. In consideration of the environmental and economic effects of pollutant discharge, a theoretical model for water pollution compensation in rivers was proposed, with its basic characteristics, processing methods and application conditions discussed in the paper.