中文摘要：

通过对城乡关系演变的一般逻辑的分析，发现城市类型转换、产业结构变换、城市化过程、城乡资源流动、城乡关系这五个层面相互作用，导致城乡关系的演变。运用比较经济史的方法研究了原生工业化国家与中国在工业化、城市化进程中城乡资源的流动，认为商业部门的发展在中国城乡资源流动和城乡关系中起到了决定性作用，建国后实施重工业优先发展战略，剔除市场的作用，依靠政府将农业剩余强行转移到工业部门，形成了城乡隔绝的局面。改革开放以后，商业部门的迅速崛起使问题进一步深化。单纯依靠市场的力量不可能改变这种趋势，依靠政府来做也是极其困难的。据此提出了中国走出城乡关系困境的统筹治理方案。

英文摘要：

This paper begins with analyzing the logic relationship between urban and rural areas ,and then con-cludes the general rule of the urbanization and urban-rural relations evolution .T he paper presents five-level inter-actions causing the development direction of the relationship between urban and rural areas ,which are the city type conversion ,industrial structure transforming ,urbanization processing ,urban and rural resources flowing and ur-ban-rural relations .Secondly ,the paper studies the flow of urban and rural resources by comparing native industri-alized countries and China in the process of industrialization and urbanization based on comparative economic histo-ry .Business sector plays a decisive role in the Chinese urban and rural resources flow and urban-rural relations . The strategy of heavy industry priority to the development ,eliminating the role of the market and transferring for-cibly agricultural surplus to the industrial sector relying on the government brought about the formation of the iso -lated situation of the urban and rural areas in the beginning period of New China .T he rapid rise of the commercial sector marked the problem deepening after the reform and opening up .It is unlikely to change this trend simply re-lying on market forces ,while it is also extremely difficult relying on the government to do with it .Finally ,the pa-per proposes the programs to get out of the dilemma of urban-rural relations in China .