中文摘要：

重金属超标可造成环境污染并对人体健康构成潜在威胁．水环境中重金属污染已经十分普遍并呈现出Et益加剧的趋势．近年来，一种基于纳米金比色原理的新型水中重金属快速检测技术迅速发展，并因其具有检测特异性强、灵敏度高、无需配套仪器、操作简便等一系列优点，在水体重金属污染事件的现场筛查及应急处置等方面展现出广阔的应用前景．本文对国内外水环境中重金属污染的现状，重金属检测技术的发展以及基于纳米金比色原理的水中重金属快速检测技术的研究进展等方面进行了综述，指出了该技术在实际应用中面临的主要问题，并提出了未来的发展方向．

英文摘要：

It is well known that heavy metals beyond standard level can cause environmental pollution and greatly threaten human health. Heavy metal pollution in water has been universal and aggravated. The novel methods of rapid determination of heavy metals in water utilizing AuNPs colorimetry have been developed in recent years. These methods showed great potential for on-site screening and rapid treatment of the accidents caused by heavy metal pollution in water due to their specificity, sensitivity and simplicity. This review described the existing status of heavy metal pollution in water, the development of detetion methods of heavy metals, and the advancement of rapid determination of heavy metals based on AuNPs colorimetry. Meanwhile, some problems of AuNPs colorimetry method in real applications are also discussed here. Finally, the future trends in this research field are prospected.