中文摘要：

【目的】研究日本松干蚧各龄期在我国3个气候区的发生时间、形态特征、生活习性及天敌昆虫,为有效监测日本松干蚧发育和种群动态、确定最佳的防治时期提供依据。【方法】根据日本松干蚧在我国的分布现状,选择辽宁省抚顺市（LNFS）、山东省青岛市（SDQD）和浙江省金华市（ZJJH）作为3个气候区的代表,于2011—2013年,在日本松干蚧危害的林区布点,采用野外连续调查和室内显微镜检相结合的方法进行研究。【结果】1）日本松干蚧在3个气候区1年都发生2代,以1龄寄生若虫越冬,但各虫态的发育历期明显不同,ZJJH种群3月上旬开始出蛰,SDQD和LNFS种群4月下旬—5月上旬才出蛰,LNFS种群在10月份进入越冬期,而ZJJH种群在12月才开始越冬。2）日本松干蚧雌雄两性在不同发育阶段具有不同的形态特征和泌蜡特点,初孵化的1龄若虫具有发达的触角和足,虫体表面未分泌蜡质;1龄若虫固定寄生后,开始分泌白色蜡丝,隐蔽于树皮缝隙下;2龄若虫的触角、眼和足均消失,虫体表面具有薄的蜡质层,称＂珠形期＂;春季2龄若虫大量取食后,虫体膨大部分暴露,可见虫体表面蜡质,为＂显露期＂;雄性3龄若虫具有发达的触角和足,初期爬行灵活,寻找化蛹场所,随后虫体表面的蜡腺分泌白色蜡丝,形成蜡茧;在蜡茧内经历预蛹和蛹期2个阶段;雄成虫头部具有1对长的触角和1对复眼,胸部具1对前翅,后翅退化为平衡棒,腹部的第7腹节背面有成簇的柱状管腺分泌白色的长蜡丝,腹部末端具交配器;雌成虫与3龄雄若虫形态相似,但胸部和腹部肥大;雌成虫初期体表泌蜡不明显,交尾后,分泌蜡丝形成卵囊。3）日本松干蚧的天敌昆虫已记录14科59种,其中半翅目的花蝽科、脉翅目的草蛉科和鞘翅目的瓢虫科是主要类群。【结论】本研究首次系统描述了日本松干蚧各龄期的发育过程和形态特征变化,特别?

英文摘要：

【Objective 】 The Japanese pine bast scale, Matsucoccus matsumurae（ Kuwana）（ Homoptera：Matsucoccidae）,is an important invasive species and a destructive pest of pine forests in China. In this paper,the occurrence time, morphological characteristics, living habits and natural enemies of M. matsumurae at different developmental stages in three climatic regions in China were investigated to provide a basis for well monitoring the development and population dynamics, and determining the most appropriate control period. 【Method 】 Three representative climate zones associated with the distribution status of M. matsumurae in China were chosen,i. e. Jinhua in Zhejiang Province（ ZJJH）,Qingdao in Shandong Province（ SDQD） and Fushun in Liaoning Province（ LNFS）. The sampling sites were set in the forests infested by M. matsumurae. Continuous surveys in the forest and microscopic examination in a laboratory were conducted from 2011 to 2013. 【Result】1） M. matsumurae reproduced two generations a year in the three climatic zones and overwintered at the 1st-instar nymph period,but their developmental durations in the three climatic zones were different. In ZJJH,the post-hibernation nymphs emerged in early March,while,the posthibernation nymphs emerged in late April or early May in SDQD and LNFS. The populations of LNFS began to overwinter in October,but the populations of ZJJH did not overwinter until December. These differences were related to the local temperature. 2） The morphological and wax secretion characteristic of the females and males of M. matsumurae were varied at different developmental stages. Newly hatched 1st-instar nymphs possessed developed antennae and legs,but did not secret wax substance on their surface. After settling under the bark crack,the 1st-instar nymphs began to secrete white wax substances on their surface. The 2nd-instar nymphs without antennae,eyes and legs were called ＂pearl-shape stage＂.After a period of feeding in spring,the insect body became enlarged a