中文摘要：

海洋安全是国家安全的基本基础和重要组成部分，海洋监视对维护国家海洋权益，保障国家海洋安全具有重要意义。自动识别系统（AIS）是一种重要的海洋监视手段，但是现有的船载和岸基AIS系统受作用距离的限制，其在大范围甚至全球海洋监视中的重要作用与地位并未得到完全体现。随着航天技术特别是小卫星系统技术的快速发展，基于小卫星载AIS实现大范围甚至全球海洋监视已成为现实与可能。在小卫星载AIS基本原理简介的基础上，分析了小卫星载AIS的主要关键技术，综述了国外基于小卫星载AIS海洋监视技术的研究进展，提出了我国小卫星载AIS发展的技术建议。

英文摘要：

Marine safety is fundamental and of vital importance for national security. Maritime surveil- lance plays an important role in safeguarding national maritime rights and interests and guaranteeing national maritime security. Automatic identification system（AIS） is an important tool for maritime surveillance, but limited by the coverage of current vessel and shore-based systems, the great value and significance of AIS for wide-area and even global maritime surveillance has not been demonstrated adequately. With the rapid development of space technology, especially the small satellite technology, using small satellite-based AIS for wide-area and even global maritime surveillance has been evolved into feasible and possible. The basic principle of small satellite- based AIS is introduced firstly in this paper, and then its key technologies are analyzed. Thirdly, the over- seas representative research status and future plans of small satellite-based AIS are outlined. Finally, some technical advices about the development of small satellite-based AIS of our country are proposed.