中文摘要：

该文以含有一定初始溶质的壤土和沙土为试验材料,为了研究不同条件下土壤溶质的流失特征,考虑到农田在产生地表径流前存在地表积水的过程,进行了室内土壤测试试验。试验结果表明：在相同条件下,既存在地表径流又存在地下排水时,损失的土壤溶质仅有小部分存在于地表径流水中,流失在地下排水中的溶质占损失的土壤溶质的主要成分。因此在实际田间操作中,当不能同时采用降低地表径流和地下排水的方法来提高土壤溶质的利用程度时,应首先考虑降低地下排水的措施。而在暴雨范围内,降雨强度越小、土壤初始含水率越低、地下排水条件越好、土壤质地越粗等都将导致土壤溶质在地表径流和地下排水中流失的质量越大,从而降低土壤溶质的有效利用程度,该成果可以为提高土壤溶质的利用效率和降低农业污染提供一定的参考意义。

英文摘要：

Characteristics of chemical loss in loam and sand containing a certain initial chemical were investigated experimentally through soil testing in laboratory.The process of ponding water on soil surface before runoff was considered.It was found that with both surface runoff and subsurface drainage,only a small part of the lost chemical of soil was in the surface runoff water while most lost chemical of soil was in the subsurface drainage water at the same situations.So about reducing subsurface drainage to enhance the utilization of the chemical of soil should be considered at first if methods was not adopted that reduce surface runoff water and subsurface drainage water at the same time.And within the intensity of rainstorm,the greater rainfall intensity,the less initial water content of soil,the better condition of subsurface drainage and the coarser sandy soil,the more chemical mass loss to surface runoff and subsurface drainage water,which reduces chemical efficiency of soil.The results will provide significant references for the improvement of the utilization of the chemical of soil and the reduction of agricultural pollution.