中文摘要：

为揭示冻结期田间土壤入渗特性，基于河套灌区冬小麦无覆盖、秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖3个试验区的土壤入渗数据，并与非冻期土壤入渗特性比较，探讨了河套灌区冻结期土壤的入渗过程和特性，并进行了检验和验证。结果表明：存同一冻结期地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖条件下土壤冻层厚度明显较低，特别是地膜覆盖比无覆盖条件下冻层厚度降低6cm以上，具有明显的保持地温的作用，秸秆覆盖效果比覆膜效果差；地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖均可以减缓上壤水的冻结速度，但随着冻结期的推进，地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖降低冻层厚度的效果逐渐减小，2种覆盖均足存冻结初期效果最好；从未冻期到冻结稳定期，在土壤总含水率变化不大的条件下，土壤未冻结含水率不断降低，随着冻结期的推进，未冻结水转为冻结水的速度足由慢到快再逐渐降低的过程；地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖均能减缓未冻结水的转化，在冻结前期和中期效果较好，冻结后期效果明显降低，地膜覆盖的效果比秸秆覆盖更好；冻结土壤水分的入渗率远小于未冻结士壤水分的入渗率，在土壤冻结过程中入渗率随冻层的增大而减小；冻结稳定期土壤水分稳定入渗率降低85．0％以上，并且随着冻结期的推进，稳定入渗率也在缓慢降低；土壤冻结初期和中期地膜覆盖与无覆盖的减渗率分别相差9．11％和13．50％，具有较好的减缓土壤水冻结的作用，效果显著，而秸秆覆盖与无覆盖的减渗率分别相差4．10％和7．00％，效果较地膜覆盖差；冻结土壤水分的累积入渗量远小于未冻结土壤水分的累积入渗量，在土壤冻结初期和中期采用地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖均能增大土壤水分的累积入渗量，而地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖存t壤冻结稳定期对土壤水分累积入渗量影响较小；Kostiakov模型和Kostiakov．Lewis模型模拟土壤入渗数?

英文摘要：

In order to reveal infiltration characteristics of the field during freezing based on a winter wheat soil infiltration experiment of the three testing points in the Hetao Irrigation District and by comparing it with the infiltration characteristics of non freezing soil, the infiltration process and characteristics of the field during freezing were discussed. The results showed that the frozen layer thickness was significantly lower than those without mulching under a tectorial membrane and straw mulch in the same freezing period, and that a tectorial membrane plays a significant role in keeping the soil temperature of that frozen layer thickness six centimeters lower than non mulch, however the impact of retaining the soil temperature is poor under straw mulch. Mulching and straw mulch can decrease the speed of frozen soil water, but the impact of the soil frozen layer thickness is slow under a tectorial membrane and straw mulch with the advance of the freezing, and the impact was best in the early freezing of the tectorial membrane and straw mulch. The non-frozen soil water content of it was gradually reduced with the advance of the freezing under total soil water content in little change from non-freezing stage to stable freezing stage, and the speed process was from slower to quicker and to slower of non frozen soil water content translate into the frozen soil water content. Straw mulch can slow down the conversion of non-frozen soil water and the impact is better in the initial freezing stage and mid freezing stage, but the impact is significantly reduced in the stable freezing stage, and the impact of tectorial membrane mulching is better than straw mulch in all freezing stages. The infiltration rate of freezing soil water is far less than the non-freezing soil and the soil infiltration rate is reduced with the frozen layer increased; with the freeze stability of soil water the stable infiltration rate decreased eighty-five percent or more and it was gradually reduced with the advance of the freezing period;