中文摘要：

提出一种适用于配电架空线路接地和短路故障的非接触式故障电流检测新方法。系统分析了小电流接地故障产生磁场的特征，推导出不同方向磁场与故障电流的函数关系，并从检测位置、信号强度等方面比较了水平和垂直磁场的不同特征，提出水平磁场更适宜检测接地故障。分析了短路故障产生磁场的特征，并推出垂直磁场与短路电流的函数关系，提出通过感应线路下方垂直磁场可以获取短路故障电流。从准确性、实用性、经济性以及安全性等方面阐述了非接触式故障检测方法的特点，最后通过实例仿真和试验验证了所提出分析方法的正确性。

英文摘要：

A new non-contact method for detecting overhead line single-phase to ground fault and short circuit fault in distribution networks is presented. The characteristics of horizontal magnetic field and vertical magnetic field of single-phase to earth fault are analyzed and the functional relationship of magnetic and fault current are derived. It is proven that horizontal magnetic field is much more suitable for detecting earth fault by comparing the different characteristics of the horizontal and vertical magnetic fields, such as detection position and signal intensity. The magnetic characteristics of short circuit fault are also analyzed. The method of detecting the short circuit current by inductive vertical magnetic field under line is proposed based on the functional relationship of vertical magnetic field and short current. The characteristics of non-contact fault detection are expounded on the accuracy, practicality, economy, safety and so on. Finally, simulations and tests verify the correctness of the proposed method.