本文回顾了国际火星探测计划的历史进程和科学意义,介绍了中国“萤火一号”火星探测计划的基本参数、发射过程、科学目标、核心载荷和关键技术,并且提出了中国将来Mars—SST火星卫星重力测量计划的实施建议:①基于探测精度较高、技术需求较少、测定速度较快、定轨要求较低、可借鉴GRACE的成功经验等优点,采用SST—LL—Doppler.VLBI系统观测模式;②先期开展高精度激光干涉星间测距仪、非保守力补偿系统等关键载荷和地面Doppler—VLBI系统的研制;③卫星轨道高度和星间距离分别设计为50~100km和100±50km;(4)先期开展仿真模拟研究。
In the paper, firstly, the historical progresses and scientifc significances of international Martian exploration pro- grams were looked back. Secondly, the basic parameters, launching processes, scientific objectives, pivotal payloads and key tech- niques in the Yinghuo-1 Martian exploration program were presented. Thirdly, the implemented proposals of future Mars-SST satel- lite gravity measurement mission were recommended in detail: (1)the SST-LL-Doppler-VLBI tracking mode is optimal based on the ad- vantages including the high-accuracy measurement, low-requirement technique, high-speed determination, low-requirement orbital accuracy and successful experience of GRACE satellite system; (2)the high-accuracy key payloads including the interferometric laser ranging system, compensated system of non-conservative force and so on and Earth' s Doppler-VLBI system should be developed in ad- vance; (3)the orbital altitude and intersatellite range are designed as 50 - 100 km and 100 +-50 kin, respectively; (4)it is preferable to previously carry out the emulational research.