中文摘要：

2012年10月至2013年12月对内蒙古乌兰察布地区的鸟类区系及生态分布进行了调查研究。共记录到鸟类215种,隶属于17目48科。其中留鸟42种,夏候鸟101种,旅鸟67种,冬候鸟5种;繁殖鸟143种,构成区系的主体。繁殖鸟中古北界种类有118种,占繁殖鸟总数的82.5%,鸟类区系具有典型的古北界特征。国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类有5种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类有28种。依据地形地貌和植被类型,将该地区划分为湿地、林地、草地、农田、居民区5种生境,其中,湿地鸟类丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,居民区鸟类丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数最低;优势度指数在居民区最高,在湿地生境中最低。从不同生境鸟类群落间β多样性的变化看,湿地与林地之间物种更替变化最大,群落相似性小;农田与居民区物种更替变化小,群落相似性大,与聚类分析的结果相一致。对该地区不同生境鸟类群落结构及其之间的关系进行了分析,探讨鸟类对栖息环境的选择以及鸟类与环境的关系。

英文摘要：

The avifauna and ecological distribution of birds in Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia were investigated from October2012 to December 2013. A total of 215 bird species were recorded,which belonged to 48 families,17 orders. Among of which,67 were passage migrants and 5 were winter visitors; 143 were breeding birds,consisting of 101 summer visitors and42 residents. Moreover,the majority of the local avifauna were breeding birds. The elements of Palaeoarctic realm played important roles in this avifauna. Among the recorded birds,5 species were the class Ⅰ national protected birds,and 28 species were the class Ⅱ national protected birds. The habitats were divided into five types（ wetland,woodland,grassland,farmland and residential area） according to topography and vegetation types. The wetland had the highest richness diversity index and evenness index of avian community,whereas the residential area had the lowest. However,the residential area had the highest dominance index of avian community,whereas the wetland had the lowest. Based on the study of β diversity index between the avian communities of different habitats,the similarity index of the communities was the lowest between the wetland and woodland,and the species turnover rates was the fastest. The similarity index of the communities between the farmland and residential area was the highest,and the species turnover rates was the slowest. Moreover,these changes were consistent with the result of cluster analysis. This study analyzed the communities of bird and the relationship in different habitats,and investigated the avian habitat selection and the relationship between birds and the environment.