中文摘要：

个体大小对生物的各种生理属性有重要意义，描述个体大小和生理属性关系的规律叫做异速生长。生物的异速生长通常以幂函数的形式表示，在众多的异速生长关系中，Kleiber定律所描述的新陈代谢率和个体大小的3／4幂指数关系最为重要和基本，解释此有充分数据支持的定律的机理也最具挑战性。围绕该著名的3／4幂指数异速生长关系，该文回顾历史上主要的有关模型假说，并重点介绍1990年代中期以来，由West等提出的分形分配网络模型和由其它研究人员建立的代表性模型：最少载体网络模型、多因理论、最小总熵理论、构造理论、细胞优化生长理论和能量消耗理论。

英文摘要：

Allometric scaling relations are characteristic of all organisms. A challenging task is how the typical allometric scaling relationship--Kleiber＇s Law, which depicts the proportionality between the metabolic rate of an animal and its body mass raised to the 3/4 power and is well established and supported by data--can be predicted from a purely theoretical standpoint. Scientists have proposed diverse models to do this, but almost all of the models are criticized for theoretical or methodological difficulties. However, ecologists and physicists recently proposed new models. Here we highlight the Fractal-Like Distribution Network Models and other models, such as Multi-Causes Model, Minimal Overall Entropy Production Model, Constructal Theory, Cell Model and Energy Consumption Model.