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中文摘要：
为了了解高温天气对水稻开花结实和品质的影响，并筛选耐热品种，选用D43等19个品种，以9311和耐热品种N22为对照，采用分期播种，调节供试材料播种期使其始穗期相差不多于2 d，各品种每7 d播种1期，共3期，考查各品种结实率、稻米品质的变化及其与各阶段温度的相关关系，并通过聚类分析计算各品种间的相似系数. 结果表明，2011年所有品种至少有1期开花期遇38 ℃以上高温；结实率与开花期（始穗期至齐穗期4 d）平均日最高温度极显著相关，与开花期前3 d的平均日最高温度显著相关；整精米率与开花后11-15 d平均日最高温度极显著相关，垩白大小与开花后6-20 d平均日最高温度显著相关. 聚类分析结果显示耐热性相近的品种遗传相似系数较高. 两个地方稻品种D43（43.43 ℃高温下结实率为88.48%）和D81（40.96 ℃高温下结实率为72.43%）开花期高温下结实率较高，且与耐热对照N22的相似系数小于0.63，可作为水稻花期耐热育种亲本；优质稻品种湘晚籼17和品36在不同温度下稻米外观品质较稳定，值得推广利用.
英文摘要：
A multiple sowing experiment was conducted with 19 rice lines （9311 and N22 as control） in Hunan, China to investigate the seed setting rate, grain quality, and their correlation with temperature at corresponding stages. The similarity coefficients among different rice lines were analyzed with cluster analysis. Seeds were sown for three times at a 7 day interval. The result showed that all varieties suffered a high temperature above 38 ℃ at flowering stage. The seed setting rate of all varieties decreased with increasing temperature, with an extremely significant correlation with the daily mean highest temperature at the heading stage and a significant correlation with the daily mean highest temperature 3 days before flowering. However, different rice lines showed a different reduction of seed setting rate. Head rice rate and area of white core belly also showed an extremely significant or significant correlation with temperature in the corresponding stage. Cluster analysis showed that materials with similar heat-resistance had a higher similarity coefficient.
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