中文摘要：

采用多种大气和海洋资料对1522号台风“彩虹”近海急剧加强的特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明大气环流形势的变化、海洋环境的维持和台风内部结构的变化都有利于台风的近海加强。具体表现为：高层南亚高压西部型转东部型和中层西太平洋副热带高压加强西伸引起的环流形势的变化，使得台风区域高层辐散增强，中低层气旋性环流增强，低层台风东侧的水汽通量增强：低层北方弱冷空气侵入台风外围区域促进辐合抬升，环境风切变的减弱及弱切变的维持有利于台风加强，这些都是有利于台风增强的环流和动力条件。台风路径海域高海表温度和海洋暖涡的存在对台风急剧增强起了重要作用。此外，由于环流变化引起的潜热加热增大，导致了双中心位涡柱的形成和高层暖心的增加，台风内部结构的变化也有利于台风的进一步加强。

英文摘要：

By using different kinds of atmospheric and oceanic data, the characteristics of rapid intensification of typhoon ＂Mujigae＂ （1522） over the offshore area of China were analyzed. Results show that the change of the atmospheric circulation, the favorable marine environment and the variation of the internal structure of typhoon are all beneficial to the enhancement of typhoon over offshore areas. The strengthening and easterly moving of the South Asia high enhanced the high-level divergence of the ty- phoon region; the strengthening and westerly moving of the West Pacific subtropical high enhanced the cyclonic circulation of the middle-low level and increased the water vapor flux of the east side of the lowlevel typhoon; the weak cold air at the lower level invaded the outer area of typhoon and promoted the convergent uplift; the weakening environmental vertical wind shear was favorable to typhoon strengthening. All of these were beneficial circumfluent and dynamic conditions to the intensification of typhoon ＂Mujigae＂. The high sea surface temperature and the ocean warm core ring in the typhoon track area also played an important role in the typhoon intensification. In addition, due to the increasing of the latent heat caused by the change of atmospheric circulation, the double-center potential vorticity columns and the warm core at the high level formed in typhoon center. The change of internal structure of typhoon is also beneficial to the further strengthening of typhoon.