中文摘要：

从我国煤制油技术取得成功的典型案例分析入手．认为煤制油技术取得成功关键依赖于新创新模式的采用，即中外产业联合、企业和国外研究机构合作、本土企业吸收外部人才的自主研发。3种不同的模式最终都取得了煤制油技术创新的重大突破。从而使我国完全掌握了煤制油的核心技术，为煤制油产业化发展奠定了坚实基础。3种不同的模式包含共同特征：企业技术创新已经突破了传统封闭创新模式。一种以吸收外部知识资源促进内部技术创新的开放式创新正变得越来越有效。从理论上分析开放式创新和自主创新的关系．并提炼实现开放式创新的4条主要路径。

英文摘要：

A new efficient innovative paradigm has been proposed in the coal liquefaction technological innovation in China, the success of which relies on the widespread adoption of international industrial collaboration, international industryinstitution collaboration, and indigenous inventing with in-sourcing have widely been taken into the coal-liquating research and development respectively. Differences coming from detailed methods don＇t delay the innovation for Chinese coal industry. This article indicates that common feature embedded in the three innovative methods is a new efficient paradigm： from the closed innovation to the open innovation. Based on this topic the article goes on with the theoretical analysis about the relationship between the open and closed innovation, and puts forwards four paths of evolution from the closed to open innovation.