中文摘要：

直接将活性物质沉积于集流体上形成的薄膜负极材料对电极性能的改善和新材料体系的探索，以及薄膜锂离子微电池的应用研究具有重要的意义．本文对近十几年来锂离子电池薄膜负极材料的研究进展作了回顾与评述，结合本实验室的研究工作，着重总结了具有高能量密度的Si，Sn基合金及其氧化物，以及各类过渡金属氧化物薄膜负极的制备方法、微观结构设计和性能改善等方面的研究进展．对于纯Si薄膜负极，设计纳米晶、非晶以及微纳结构的膜层可有效改善电极的结构稳定性和循环性能；合金化与成分调控可明显提升Si基和Sn基合金薄膜负极的导电性和循环稳定性，但非活性金属组元的添加降低了合金薄膜电极的可逆容量；纳米复合结构Sn基氧化物薄膜负极具有良好的循环稳定性，但存在的首次不可逆容量大的问题有待解决；大部分纳米结构过渡金属氧化物薄膜可同时具备高容量和良好的循环性能，但其较高的嵌锂／脱锂电位会降低电池体系的能量密度．最后，本文特别指出．高能量密度薄膜负极的实用化仍面临挑战，提高薄膜锂离子电池性能必须不断探索新型电极材料体系、高电导率固态电解质及微电池一体化集成技术．

英文摘要：

Thin film anode materials in which the active materials were directly deposited on the current collectors are very important for the study and improvement of properties for the new type electrode materials, as well as the application of the thin film micro-batteries. This article summarizes the recent research progress in the thin film anode materials of lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities, which mainly emphasized on preparation, microstructure design and performance enhancement of the Si-, Sn-based alloys and composites, as well as various transition metal oxide thin films with some recent works made in this field by our group. Accordingly, several points for the high energy density thin film anodes were concluded as follows. Nanocrystalline and amorphous structure as well as micro-nano structure tuning could much improve the structure and cycling stability of the pure Si thin film anodes. The cycle performance of Sn-based and Si-based alloy thin films could be enhanced however at the expense of their capacities due to combining with inactive metals. The issues of large initial irreversible capacity loss for the Sn oxide nanocomposites have to be resolved. Most of the nanostructured transition metal oxide thin films had high reversible capacity and good cycleablity, however, their high lithiation/delithiation potentials would lower down the energy density of the battery system. Finally, the article also points out that there are still many practical challenges in the high energy density thin film anode, which could be overcome by further exploration of new-type electrode material systems.