中文摘要：

城乡二元户籍制度是建国初期优先发展城市重工业战略不可避免的选择。城乡二元户籍差异从来都不只停留在表面上,它已渗透到人们生活的方方面面,是造成社会不公平的制度性根源之一,改革现有户籍管理制度已成共识。本文基于对上海城乡二元户籍制度的认知及其对就业、教育和社会保障等福利影响的调查,提出以下城乡户籍一体化改革取向：户籍制度必须回归本位,与户籍相配套的公共服务改革必须按照人们关注的紧迫程度有序推进,逐步降低入城门槛,让市场调控人口流动,上海作为大量流动人口聚集地,户改更应关注外来人口的城市融入问题。

英文摘要：

The dual Hukou system of urban and rural is inevitable strategic choice in the context of giving priority to the development of heavy industry in city during the establishment of new China. The differences of urban and rural Hukou never scratch the surface of question, while they are closely related with many aspects of anyone. It is institutional roots of society unfair. The reform of the present dual Hukou system has become the consensus of all sectors of the communi- ty. This paper based on the investigation of dual Hukou system cognition, and also the impact on employment, educa- tion and social security and so on, proposing reform orientation of the integration of urban and rural Hukou system ： the Hukou system must be return to its nature, and the reform of public services consistent with Hukou system should be pushed forward in accordance with the urgent attention, and gradually lower threshold of go into the city, then let~ mar- ket regulating population flow. Shanghai has become a gathering place of floating population, the reform of Hukou sys- tem should be pay more attention to integrating the floating population into city.