中文摘要：

RNAa（RNA activation）即RNA激活效应,是指某些小分子非编码RNA（non-coding RNA,ncRNA）在转录水平上激活基因表达的现象,这种发挥激活作用的小RNA分子又叫激活小RNA（small activating RNA,saRNA）。saRNA与干扰小RNA（small interfer-ing RNA,siRNA）同属小分子双链非编码RNA家族,既有相似的分子特征,在靶序列、作用动力学和调控方式等方面又有显著差别。虽然RNAa的作用机制尚未完全明了,但其在肿瘤治疗中的应用前景吸引了人们的关注。本文就RNAa近年的研究进展进行了简要综述。

英文摘要：

RNAa （RNA activation） is the phenomenon that some small non-coding RNAs （ncRNAs） can activate the target gene expression at the transcriptional level. This kind of RNA molecules were named small activating RNA （saRNA）. Both saRNA and siRNA （small interfering RNA） belong to the family of small ncRNAs, which share some similar molecular features. However, there are still significant differences between them in target sequences, activity kinetics, regulation modes, and so on. Though the detailed mechanism of RNAa regulation is still unclear, it shows great benefits in tumor therapy. This review focused on research progress of RNAa in recent years.